Value Investing

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Is there value anywhere?

  • 1.  Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-12-2023 22:11
    Edited by Vinod Nair 07-18-2023 15:20

    Recession around the corner, interest rates going up, cost of doing business expected to go up and profit down. 

    Not much different in the fixed income world, unrealized losses piling up, ratings down and defaults up.

    Is there a place to hide? Is there any place value is hiding?






  • 2.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-13-2023 13:40

    Vidnod,

    #1,  I, too, am worried about the increasing number of events (some of which you named above) that seem to be closely tracking the last six months before the September 2008 Great Recession. 

    #2, As Paul Samuelson observed, "the stock market has predicted nine of the past five recessions."  

    #3, your cursory list of current economic woes awakens the Oracle's advice to "be greedy when others are fearful." The same nonagenarian recently said, 

    "I have been investing for 80 years-more than one-third of our country's lifetime. Despite our citizens' penchant-almost enthusiasm-for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long term bet against America."

    #4, I am unsure how you define "value."  Here is my understanding.

    From a fundamental analysis perspective, value is defined as the book value (total assets - total liabilities) of a company exceeding the market price of the stock. However, the market measures "value" by Earnings Per Share because it provides the ability to compare a stock's "value" across all offerings.

    Tech stocks became grossly overvalued during the recent bull market but came back to Earth during the current bear market. The EPs may be "high" by comparison, but I see value in some of these same tech stocks. If you study their 10-Ks and financial statement, I think you can find some that have value from a fundamental analysis perspective. 

    For example, I am following a few stocks that have ...

    (1) a business model that gives it a competitive edge that produces cash flow or

    (2) large amounts of cash on hand. 

    These conditions provide the ability to

    (1) deploy cash at their IRR rather than at higher market interest rates, and 

    (2) the ability to invest in capex to improve their competitiveness (Warren's famous "moats") in R&D, marketing, distribution, etc.,

    #5 Now to address your question directly, my watch list of "value" stocks includes:  

    (1) Companies with high percentages of cash on hand (in Billions):  MSFT $248, GOOGL $90, GOOG $91, BRK-B $303, META $ 179, and TSM $87.

    (2) Companies that invest the most in capex: GOOG, T, AMZN, VZN, and MSFT.

    #6 Taking cues from this discussion, I am staying invested with a 50%/50% portfolio: 50% cash, 30% on the "value" stocks bolded above, and 20% on sector EFT known to be more resilient during recessions.

    Does anyone else have recommendations on where to find value to help Vinod (and me)?



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    BARRY JOHNSON
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  • 3.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-13-2023 13:41

    Vidnod,

    #1,  I, too, am worried about the increasing number of events (some of which you named above) that seem to be closely tracking the last six months before the September 2008 Great Recession. 

    #2, As Paul Samuelson observed, "the stock market has predicted nine of the past five recessions."  

    #3, your cursory list of current economic woes awakens the Oracle's advice to "be greedy when others are fearful." The same nonagenarian recently said, 

    "I have been investing for 80 years-more than one-third of our country's lifetime. Despite our citizens' penchant-almost enthusiasm-for self-criticism and self-doubt, I have yet to see a time when it made sense to make a long term bet against America."

    #4, I am unsure how you define "value."  Here is my understanding.

    From a fundamental analysis perspective, value is defined as the book value (total assets - total liabilities) of a company exceeding the market price of the stock. However, the market measures "value" by Earnings Per Share because it provides the ability to compare a stock's "value" across all offerings.

    Tech stocks became grossly overvalued during the recent bull market but came back to Earth during the current bear market. The EPs may be "high" by comparison, but I see value in some of these same tech stocks. If you study their 10-Ks and financial statement, I think you can find some that have value from a fundamental analysis perspective. 

    For example, I am following a few stocks that have

    (1) a business model that gives it a competitive edge that produces cash flow or

    (2) large amounts of cash on hand. 

    These conditions provide the ability to

    (1) deploy cash at their IRR rather than at higher market interest rates, and 

    (2) the ability to invest in capex to improve their competitiveness (Warren's famous "moats") in R&D, marketing, distribution, etc.,

    #5 Now to address your question directly, my watch list of "value" stocks includes:  

    (1) Companies with high percentages of cash on hand (in Billions):  MSFT $248, GOOGL $90, GOOG $91, BRK-B $303, META $ 179, and TSM $87.

    (2) Companies that invest the most in capex: GOOG, T, AMZN, VZN, and MSFT.

    #6 Taking cues from this discussion, I am staying invested with a 50%/50% portfolio: 50% cash, 30% on the "value" stocks bolded above, and 20% on sector EFT known to be more resilient during recessions.

    Does anyone else have recommendations on where to find value to help Vinod (and me)?

     

     

    Sent from Mail for Windows

     






  • 4.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-13-2023 17:30

    Thanks Barry for the detailed reply which I greatly appreciate.

    #4 : My idea of a value on a stock is also based on EPS. If I can get a return more than the CD rate I can safely get from a bank, I will consider it 'value'. If you take the case TSM, the EPS is 6.26 and the stock is at 88 which makes it 8%. However, if you take the case of MSFT 8.8/~250 = 3.5 which is lower than the current CD rate of 4% which makes it not 'value'. If you evaluate this way, most of the stocks are not 'value'. Moreover, almost half of the companies have negative EPS this year and many are not expected to earn any next year either.    

    #6 

    Thanks again for the response.

    -Vinod



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    vNu
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  • 5.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 10:24
    Edited by ROBERT ADAMS 03-14-2023 10:27

    When things seem at their absolute worst is the best time for buying equities. There are tons of low P/E stocks out there (and low P/S, which I prefer, as well). Most of them are smaller companies, and small companies in general have been left behind the rest of the market for many years now. If and when they'll catch up is anybody's guess.



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    Rob Adams
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  • 6.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 15:51
    Edited by Vinod Nair 07-18-2023 15:58

    Rob - I think the direction of the general market is more important now than before. In addition to P/E and P/S another important consideration should be debt. 



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    vNu
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  • 7.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 17:30

    Vinod, if you can tell what direction the general market is heading tomorrow, you're far smarter than I am. All I ever know about the market is where it is now relative to where it's been. Prognosticators are always predicting either doom and gloom or "we're going to the moon!" NOBODY knows when the next bull or bear will start--or end. That's why I stay 100% invested in equities 100% of the time. It's worked well for me for the past 40+ years.



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    Rob Adams
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  • 8.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:10
    Edited by Vinod Nair 03-16-2023 00:02

    Rob - I am still working on it. Predicting market direction that is. 😁

    I too believed that staying invested is the right thing to do. I also believed that index investing is the best approach. 

    However, I am starting to question those beliefs. 

    Do you think the low interest rate and its downward trajectory would have helped stock market in the last 40 years?

    If those trends in interest reverses in the next decade, how will those be reflected in stock valuation?



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    vNu
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  • 9.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:41
    Edited by ROBERT ADAMS 03-14-2023 19:42

    Vinod, artificially low interest rates have undoubtedly supported equity returns over the past decade or so. The market has been trying to sort all that out, which is part of the reason it's down so far. Rising interest rates are a drag on the economy in general, which also ends up affecting the stock market. It's possible, but in my humble opinion unlikely, that bonds will outperform stocks in the coming decade. Stocks generally hold their own in an inflationary environment. 

    All that said, I never make investing decisions based on where I think economic forces are heading. Things can, and do, change quickly sometimes. And usually, by the time one recognizes a sea change, it's too late to get the full benefit of acting on it.

    I look at index investing as an idiot-proof enterprise. One can get market returns with very limited real risk (and I'm NOT talking about volatility). I'm a fan of it, and I taught my children to use it until they're knowledgeable enough to start buying individual stocks. If all they do is invest in low-expense-ratio equity index ETFs for the next 40 years, they should have comfortable retirements.

    I've always been a buy-and-holder, and most of my life I've been under-diversified, which by luck or by craft has increased my returns greatly. But now that I'm retired, I look at diversification as insurance against my own stupidity. Index ETFs have been an easy way to establish that diversification. 



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    Rob Adams
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  • 10.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 12:42
    Edited by JOSHUA DONALDSON 03-14-2023 12:45

    Vidnod, I'm not overly fixated on dividends, i don't necessarily relate it to value, I have stocks with zero dividend I consider to be excellent values (relative to forward PE and book value).    A dividend certainly doesn't hurt though! Recently I've been all over DOW dog Verizon, buying shares and leap calls (Jan 2025 30's. below $8.00).   Share price $36.80, divi  $2.61;  yield currently 7.1%, Forward PE 8.1

    Any determination of value based on the share statistics has be backed up by knowledge that the company's earnings are growing not declining.  Unless they're stable and you're just of the belief earnings multiple alone can provide sufficient growth.  If earnings collapses, that PE that looked so good explodes upward.  With a megacap like this, earnings typically don't grow a whole lot but I'm typically looking for a 1-2 year investment with 30-50% share price growth potential.



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    JOSHUA
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  • 11.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 15:54

    Hi Joshua - VZ does look like a good value play. At least compared to T-Moble and AT&T. What do you think about comcast? They are trying to enter the same market. Their numbers too look good to me.



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    vNu
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  • 12.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 16:41
    Edited by JOSHUA DONALDSON 03-14-2023 16:54

    Vinod,  the valuation and earnings trend on Comcast looks ok to me, I just like the cellular business a little better.  EVERY person has a cellular phone and account right?  Not every household has cable.  Comcast took a lot of DSL customers but that switchover is probably complete.   I like a dedicated ISP at home, but the trend especially among the young seems to be having cellular-only.  5G may enable these devices to be a whole-house hotspot.  Verizon is also offering wireless home internet services now which competes very well with cable on price and speed (without the channel content cost).  I could be wrong but I just like a cellular company better for those reasons.  What's your view on that?

    By the way I don't see AT&T, Verizon, T-mobile as equals when it comes to customer choice.  Everyone has an opinion but in my experience Verizon has better coverage in more areas including 5G now. In other words they don't compete strictly on the basis of plan prices and special offers.



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    JOSHUA
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  • 13.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 18:09
    Edited by ROBERT ADAMS 03-14-2023 18:11

    I sure hope you guys are right about VZ. I just sold a couple of ETFs and used the money to create a modified Dogs of the Dow portfolio with VZ in the mix. So far, I've also accumulated AMGN, BEN, CSCO, CVX, DOW, KMB, MMM, and XOM in that portfolio. I took the highest dividend payers from the Dow 30 and from S&P's Dividend Aristocrats, but I filtered out those with low EBITDA/Enterprise Value and coverage ratios below 1.2. I have a couple more stocks to buy to fill out the mix. 

    I plan on holding these stocks until (1) their yield drops below 2.4%, (2) they cut their dividend, or (3) they otherwise run into financial distress.

    I'm not betting the farm on this single strategy. It's just a part of my program to pare down my ETFs and create my own portfolios. In the past 10 years, all of my individual stocks have greatly outperformed my ETFs even though all of my ETFs have annualized returns of more than 10% while I've held them. 

    I like the diversification ETFs provide, but I think I can achieve a sufficient level of diversification by creating portfolios based on strategies that have worked over many decades. I guess we'll see.



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    Rob Adams
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  • 14.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 18:29
    Edited by JOSHUA DONALDSON 03-14-2023 18:39

    Rob, congrats hope we both do well on VZ.  I'd be cautious about MMM, there are very large liability claims being litigated.  Their attempt to "spin off" and isolate those liabilities was shot down in court.  Some say its priced in but that remains to be seen.    This is an issue I have with using screens, they don't tell the whole story.   They're nothing more than a list of ideas to consider with DD.   Can't speak to the other tickers you mentioned off hand. 

    I'm of the same mind I like to pick individual stocks with the best prospects.  I've never owned an ETF in my life there's too much grossly overpriced garbage within them.  If I can cherry-pick my stocks, why wouldn't I?



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    JOSHUA
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  • 15.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:14

    Joshua, thank you for the heads up. I'm aware of the MMM litigation; that's what has brought the price down and the yield up. That recent ruling is on expedited appeal now, and one never knows what the court system will end up doing. I rely on a reasonable amount of diversification, coupled with time, to take care of issues like this. If it comes down to it, I can always make use of the tax loss.



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    Rob Adams
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  • 16.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:21

    Rob - Congrats on your investment returns. That is an impressive list. However, I stay away from financial firms and oil companies. One question: Where do you find EV/EBITDA and coverage ratios?



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    Thanks &
    Good luck with your investments
    Vinod | Boston | MA
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  • 17.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:51

    Vinod, I use Stock Investor Pro (AAII's stock screener) to screen for the EV/EBITDA and dividend payout ratios. I always double-check them though.



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    Rob Adams
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  • 18.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-14-2023 19:16

    Joshua - Just like the mobile companies trying to provide internet services, comcast is trying to expand into mobile. They seem to have wifi hotspots all over the place and they use that infrastructure wherever possible. They are providing mobile services for cheaper price. Not sure if it will catch on.



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    Thanks &
    Good luck with your investments
    Vinod | Boston | MA
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  • 19.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 03-15-2023 10:19
    Edited by JOSHUA DONALDSON 03-15-2023 11:52

    Vinod, Ok I had forgotten about Xfinity.    Comcast/Xfinity uses the Verizon network for their mobile services.  As does Tracfone, Net10, StraightTalk, Total, Walmart Family, and US Mobile.  All on the Verizon network.  FWIW.  I see Comcast is planning to repurchase 9% of their outstanding shares this year.  Bravo!



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    JOSHUA
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  • 20.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 07-18-2023 13:10

    Vinod

    Thank you for posing this simple, but fundamental, question.

    AAII member comments indicate the consensus believes your question is very prescient in 2023. However, most of the investing community continues to invest in equity markets despite very high valuations. Although many may not understand the concept of "value investing, " their behavior indicates that they expect to obtain "value" through stock appreciation independent of the overall economic and market environment conditions. I am not as sophisticated or erudite as they.

    Rather than preach the value of fundamental analysis to the unwashed masses who are surfing the "rad, snarly, totally tubular" waves of today's overpriced market,  I thought I might assist them with a way to evaluate their investment strategy using the most basic indicator I know -- the Buffet Indicator. This market valuation measure may be obscure to many.

    So I downloaded some explanatory text and a chart with data from the Federal Reserve FRED database (see below) that provides comparative data to evaluate today's overall market valuation using the latest data available (July 14, 2023).

    "The Buffett Indicator, also known as Market Cap to GDP, has gained prominence as a long-term valuation indicator for stocks, largely due to Warren Buffett's endorsement. In a Fortune Magazine interview back in 2001, Buffett referred to it as "probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment." This statement has drawn attention to the indicator's potential significance in assessing market conditions. The calculation of the Buffett Indicator involves dividing the total market value of all publicly-traded stocks within a country by the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). By comparing the stock market's size to the overall economic output, this ratio provides insights into the relative valuation of the market. To illustrate this concept, one common approach is to examine the ratio between the Wilshire 5000 and the GDP of the United States. The Wilshire 5000 is widely regarded as the definitive benchmark for the US equity market, aiming to measure the total market capitalization of all US equity securities with readily available price data. By dividing this market index by the GDP, we can obtain a snapshot of the market's valuation concerning the country's economic performance."  

    https://www.longtermtrends.net/market-cap-to-gdp-the-buffett-indicator/

    Data Sources

    The chart provides the ability to compare current valuations to valuations since 1970, the last 50 years. The curve makes it easy to compare the height and trend of today's curve over history. The labels enable comparisons of 2023 values to 2000 and 2007 values, two periods that preceded market "drawdowns" of over 30%. I did not flag 9 lesser drawdowns below 30%. Anyone can draw their own conclusions.

    One of the sources I follow for investing insights is Nick Maggiulli who writes the "Dollars and Cents" blog. He has a different interpretation of these data. See "The Problem with Valuation" @ https://ofdollarsanddata.com/the-problem-with-valuation/ posted July 18, 2023.



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    BARRY JOHNSON
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  • 21.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 07-18-2023 14:00

    Thank you for the post, Barry. It certainly adds evidence that the overall market is overvalued. But remember that the Wilshire 5000 is cap weighted, so the big dogs are the ones most likely to be responsible for the altitude. There is still plenty of value to be found in individual smaller companies. Nevertheless, your post does raise concerns about the 5-year future for most cap-weighted funds. 



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    Rob Adams
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  • 22.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 07-19-2023 10:36

    Robert, excellent point.  Here are comparisons to the other indexes using FRED data. 

    DOW to GDP Ratio

    Dow Jones / GDP Ratio

    Interpretation

    Similar to the Buffett Indicator, the Dow Jones to GDP ratio provides insights into the relative valuation of the stock market compared to the size of the economy. In contrast to the Wilshire 5000, the Dow Jones only contains 30 publicly traded companies. The index is price-weighted, so stocks with a higher share price are given greater weight. For these reasons, it is not as accurate as the Wilshire 5000 for measuring the market capitalization. However, all these ratios look very similar - and since some calculations for the Dow Jones go back to 1790, this ratio provides an interesting historical perspective.

    Data Sources

    Recent data

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: US Gross Domestic Product

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: Dow Jones

    Historical data

    Congressional Budget Office: Historical Gross Domestic Product

    Wikipedia: Historical Dow Jones prices

    Further Information

    Investopedia: Dow Jones Industrial Average - DJIA


    <v:shape type="#_x0000_t75" alt="A graph on a computer screen Description automatically generated" style="position: absolute; left: 0; text-align: left; margin-left: 1.5pt; margin-top: 33.75pt; width: 468pt; height: 211.6pt; z-index: 251663360; visibility: visible; mso-wrap-style: square; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-width-relative: page; mso-height-relative: page;" stroked="t" strokecolor="black [3213]" strokeweight="1.5pt">  </v:shape>S&P 500 to GDP Ratio

    Interpretation

    The S&P 500 to GDP ratio, like the Buffett Indicator, assesses the stock market's valuation relative to the economy. However, it specifically considers the market capitalization of the 500 companies in the index, while the Buffett Indicator covers all publicly traded stocks. The S&P 500 ratio offers a narrower view, focusing on large-cap companies, while the Buffett Indicator provides a broader perspective of the entire market, including smaller-cap stocks and companies outside the S&P 500.
    However, the
    S&P 500 is still just a proxy for the total value of all US publicly-traded equities and over the long-term the S&P 500 to GDP ratio deviated from the Buffett indicator. According to this paper (page A56), the US Market Cap to GDP ratio in the late 1800's was around 50%, which is a third of what it was during the Dot-com bubble of 2000.

    Data Sources

    Recent data

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: US Gross Domestic Product

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: S&P 500

    Historical data

    Congressional Budget Office: Historical Gross Domestic Product

    Nasdaq: S&P 500

    Further Information

    dkuvshinov.com The Big Bang: Stock Market Capitalization in the Long Run

    Investopedia: S&P 500 Index – Standard & Poor's 500 Index

     

    The Stock Market vs. GDP - S&P 500 vs. Wilshire 5000 vs. GDP

    Interpretation

    Just like the Wilshire 5000, the S&P 500 is a capitalization-weighted Index. It captures approximately 80% of the available total market capitalization. Therefore, it is quite representative of the entire stock market. Intuitively, the stock market and the overall economy should grow with a similar pace.

    Data Sources

    Recent data

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: US Gross Domestic Product

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: S&P 500

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: Wilshire 5000 Full Cap Price Index

    Historical data

    Congressional Budget Office: Historical Gross Domestic Product

    Nasdaq: S&P 500

    https://www.longtermtrends.net/market-cap-to-gdp-the-buffett-indicator/



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    BARRY JOHNSON
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  • 23.  RE: Is there value anywhere?

    Posted 07-19-2023 11:50

    Thanks Barry.

    Interesting chart. I wonder how can it be adjusted to real interest rate.

    FED, inflation and speculation seem to the the real determinants of stock prices rather than the profit they generate or the value the companies create.

    Since I posted the question, the markets have gone up 10-15 percent.

    The more one knows about markets he loses more. The more we study, less we know, It seems like.



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    Thanks 🙏&
    Good luck with your investments
    Vinod | Boston | MA
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